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How to Solve It |
Common concepts used in Critical Thinking:
The following concepts are important to critical thinking:
1. All reasoning has a Purpose for thinking, a goal or objective:
- State your purpose clearly
- Choose significant and realistic purposes
- Distinguish your purpose from related purposes
- Check periodically to be sure you are still on target
2. All reasoning is an attempt to Fıgure somethıng out, to settle some questıon or to solve some problem:
- Clearly and precisely state the question at issue
- Ask the question in several ways to clarify its meaning and scope
- Break the question into sub questions
- Identify if the question has one right answer, is a matter of opinion, or requires reasoning from more than one point of view
3. All reasoning is based on Assumptions, presuppositions or something taken for granted:
- Clearly identify your assumptions and determine whether they are justifiable
- Consider how what you assume is shaping your point of view
4. All reasoning is done from some Point of view,frame of reference, perspective or orientation:
- Identify your point of view
- Seek other points of view and identify their strengths as well as weaknesses
- Strive to be fair-minded in evaluating all points of view
5. All reasoning is based on Information: data, facts, observations, experiences
- Restrict your claims to those supported by the data you have
- Search for information that OPPOSES your position as well as information that supports it
- Make sure that all information used is clear, accurate, and relevant to the question at issue
- Make sure you have gathered sufficient information
6. All reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by, Concepts: theories, definitions, axioms, laws, principles, models and ideas:
- Identify key concepts and explain them clearly
- Consider alternative concepts or alternative definitions to concepts
- Make sure you are using concepts with care and precision
7. All reasoning contains Inferences or interpretations by which we draw conclusions, find solutions and give meaning to data:
- Infer only what the evidence implies
- Check inferences for their consistency with each other
- Identify assumptions which lead you to your inferences
8. All reasoning leads somewhere or has Consequences and Implications:
- Trace the implications and consequences that follow from your reasoning
- Search for negative as well as positive implications
- Consider all possible consequences
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First Semester
Second Semester
Critical Thinking:
Goals
Introduction
What is it?
Abstract Reasoning
Arguments & Claims
Principles
Modeling & Questions
Common Concepts
References
*Vocabulary
*Carlin Oxymorons
*6 Basic Mistakes
*Baloney Detection
*Irrationalities,Fallacies
*7 Rules Thinking Skills
*Knowledge for Business
*The Plan
*Dangerous Ideas |
